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Example 9: Magnetization of IPM Motor

General

The magnetization of the IPM motor (interior permanent magnet motor) is analyzed.
The analysis takes the following two steps.

Magnetization Analysis
A magnetization current is applied to the unmagnetized magnet.
Analysis Using Magnetization Results
The magnetization results given by step 1 are set to the magnet to analyze the motor torque.

The magnetization ratio, the magnetization distribution, the torque, and the magnetic flux density distribution are solved.
The homogenizing method is applied to simulate the layer structure of the electromagnetic plates of steel for the core.
Unless specified in the list below, the default conditions will be applied.

In this example, a quarter period symmetric model is used for faster calculation.

Show Results

Item	Settings
Analysis Space	2D
Thickness in Depth Direction	60 [mm]
Unit	mm
Solver	Magnetic Analysis [Luvens]
Analysis Type	Transient Analysis
Options	[Partial Model (Symmetric Model) Setting] Select Partial Model. Division Number: 4 Select Convert the result to the full model for output

Set the Mesh Tab as follows.

Tab

Setting Item

Settings

Mesh

Set the general mesh size automatically: Deselect

General Mesh Size: 1 [mm]

Automatic Ambient Air Creation

Select Create ambient air automatically

Ambient Air Scale: 1.2

The transient analysis tab is set as follows.

The intensity of the magnetic field is obtained for each timestep. At some timestep, the intensity drops. The magnetization field is determined by the intensity of the magnetic field at a timestep just before it drops.
The timestep setting does not affect the result as the constant current is used in this example.
The same result will be obtained if the timestep setting is switched to [steady-state analysis].
In order to take the induced current into account, input waveform of the magnetization current instead of the constant current and set timesteps.

Tab

Setting Item

Settings

Transient Analysis

Timestep

Manual

Table

Number	Calculation Steps	Output Interval	Timestep [s]
1	1	1	1

Model

A rotor core and magnet are placed in the center. A stator and coils are placed around them.

The motor has 4 poles and 24 slots.

The magnetization current is set to the coils I1,I2,I3, and I4.

This is a 2D model analysis.

By utilizing the symmetry, the model is quarter period symmetric.

Rotation period boundary (symmetric) is set.

Body Attributes and Materials

Body Number/Type	Body Attribute Name	Material Name
12/Sheet	Mag	Magnetize_Mat
11/Sheet	Rotor	35JN270_JFE Steel*
28/Sheet	Stator	35JN270_JFE Steel*
30/Sheet	U1+	008_Cu *
31/Sheet	U1+	008_Cu *
32/Sheet	W1-	008_Cu *
33/Sheet	W1-	008_Cu *
34/Sheet	V1+	008_Cu *
35/Sheet	V1+	008_Cu *

* Available from the material DB

The body attribute is set up as follows.

The magnetization current is set to the coils I1,I2,I3, and I4.

A variable [current] is used for easy modification.

For the core, the homogenizing method is selected to simulate the layered steel plates.

Body Attribute Name	Tab	Setting
Mag	Direction	Vector: X=1, Y=0, Z=1
Mag	Current	Click Yes for induced current setting.
Rotor	Layer	Select Take into account layer Space Factor: 97 [%] Layer Vector: X=0, Y=1, Z=0
Stator	Layer	Select Take linto account ayer Space Factor: 97[%] Layer Vector: X=0, Y=1, Z=0
I1, I2	Current	Waveform: Constant Current Value: Current (Using variable) Turns: 35 [Turns] Direction: +Y Direction
I3, I4	Current	Waveform: Constant Current value: current (using variable) Turns: 35 [Turns] Direction: - Y Direction
I0	Current	Waveform: Constant Current: 0 [A]

The material properties are set as follows.

Magnetization characteristics are defined. See Permeability tab for details of the parameters of the magnetization characteristics.

Material Name

Tab

Properties

Magnetize_Mat

Permeability

Material type: Magnetizing Material

Initial Magnetization Characteristics

B-H Curve Table

Magnetic Field [A/m]	Magnetic Flux Density [T]
0	0
76000	0.18
152000	0.36
228000	0.55
304000	0.75
380000	0.98
456000	1.20
532000	1.40
608000	1.58
684000	1.75
760000	1.90
836000	2.05
912000	2.20
988000	2.50
1064000	2.75
1140000	2.89
1216000	3.00
1292000	3.10
1444000	3.30
2010000	4.00

Definition Type of Magnetization Rate: Normalize with Coercivity

Magnetization Ratio Table

Magnetization Field [A/m]	Magnetization Ratio	Recoil Permeability
0	0	1.8
152000	0.01	1.77
456000	0.1	1.72
684000	0.2	1.58
836000	0.4	1.33
988000	0.6	1.26
1064000	0.8	1.18
1292000	0.91	1.13
1672000	0.97	1.08
2000000	1	1.05

Coercivity with Magnetization Ratio of 1.0: 980000 [A/m]

Boundary Condition

Half period symmetric boundary is set.

Boundary Condition Name/Topology	Tab	Boundary Condition Type	Settings
Symmetric	Symmetry/Continuity	Periodic	Rotation Period (Half Period)

Results

There are two steps of analysis as follows.

Magnetization Analysis
A magnetization current is applied to the unmagnetized magnet.
Analysis Using Magnetization Results
The magnetization results given by step 1 are set to the magnet to analyze the motor torque.

The results of 1 are shown below. (The results of the analysis model [Magnetization analysis].)

The magnetization distribution with the magnetization current (variable "current") of 100 to 1900 [A] is shown below.

The magnetization is almost fully achieved at 1900 [A].

100 [A]	700 [A]	1300 [A]	1900 [A]

The diagram below shows the magnetization distribution.

100 [A]	700 [A]	1300 [A]	1900 [A]

The results of 2 are shown below. (The results of the analysis model [Torque analysis (use magnetization results].)

In this analysis model, the result of step 1 is set to the magnet.

(Material type is set to [Use Magnetization Result] on the [Permeability] tab.)

For the magnetization current of 1300 [A], the torque waveform of the motor is shown below.

For the magnetization current of 1300 [A], the magnetic flux density distribution of the motor is shown below.