Example8 Mechanical Stress Analysis of Operating IC after Soldering

General

This is the modified exercise of Exercise 10: Multi-Step Thermal Load Analysis for IC Soldering Process.
The analysis is set with time. The mechanical stress analysis with temperature distribution is performed on the IC which is operating after soldered on the substrate.
By setting time, elasto-plasticity and creep of solder can be taken into account.
By setting [multi-step thermal load + Thermal coupled steps], the thermal analysis solves the temperature of the operating IC.
The distributed mechanical stress is calculated with the obtained temperature.
The distributions of the deformation, displacement and the mechanical stress are solved for each temperature.
Unless specified in the list below, the default conditions will be applied.

Analysis Space

Item	Setting
Analysis Space	2D
Model unit	mm

Analysis Conditions

To simplify the analysis, the 2-D model is analyzed.

Select the thermal load option.

Item	Settings
Solvers	Thermal Analysis [Watt] Mechanical Stress Analysis [Galileo]
Thermal-Analysis Type	Transient Analysis

The process is as follows.

Step 1 The IC is soldered on the substrate at 220[deg] and cooled down to 25[deg].

Step 2 The temperature is increased from 25[deg] to 120[deg].

Step 3 At 120[deg], the underfill is applied and hardened. After the hardening, the temperature is decreased to 25[deg].

Step 4 The IC is activated and will generate the heat.

The multi-step thermal load analysis of the mechanical stress analysis is used through the Step 3.
At the Step 4, the transient analysis of the thermal analysis and the coupled analysis function of the mechanical stress analysis are used.

The Thermal Load tab is set as follows.

Tabs	Setting Item	Setting
Thermal Load	Reference temperature	220[deg]
Thermal Load	Setting	Select “Continue from the last session”

The reference temperature (non-stress temperature) is 220[deg] The reached temperature is set on the step analysis tab.

The Step/Thermal Load tab is set as follows.

Tab

Setting Item

Setting

Step/Thermal load

Step Setting

Multi-step thermal load + thermal coupled steps

Time Setting

Set up *

Reference temperature

220[deg]

Step/Reached Temperature Setting

Step	Time [s]	Substeps	Reached temperature [deg]
1	100	5	25
2	200	5	120
3	300	5	25

Options for the Multi-Step Analysis

Save the results of substeps : Deselect

* If the analysis is coupled with transient analysis, [Set up] is automatically selected.

* Thermal coupled steps are set up on the transient analysis tab.

The transient analysis tab is set as follows.
Normally, the initial temperature is set for the thermal transient analysis. The reached temperature in the step analysis will be used as the initial temperature.
It is set at 25[deg].

Tab	Setting Item
Transient Analysis	Calculation Step: 5 Output Step: 1 Time Step: 20

The underfills are subjected to the analysis on and after Step 3. Therefore, the setting is done on the Analysis Domain tab of the Body Attribute.

Graphical Objects

Body Attributes and Materials

Body Number/Type	Body Attribute Name	Material Name
0/Sheet	PCB	GLASS_EPOXY
1/Sheet	BGA	EPOXY
3/Sheet	SB	107_Lead-free_solder_SnAgCu
4/Sheet	SB	107_Lead-free_solder_SnAgCu
5/Sheet	SB	107_Lead-free_solder_SnAgCu
6/Sheet	SB	107_Lead-free_solder_SnAgCu
11/Sheet	UF	UNDER_FILL
12/Sheet	UF	UNDER_FILL
13/Sheet	UF	UNDER_FILL
14/Sheet	UF	UNDER_FILL
15/Sheet	UF	UNDER_FILL
17/Sheet	HEAT_SOURCE	GLASS_EPOXY
18/Sheet	BGA	GLASS_EPOXY

* Available from the Material DB

The material properties are set up as follows:

Material Name

Tab

Properties

GLASS_EPOXY

Elasticity

Young’s modulus: 28×10^9[Pa]

Poisson’s ratio: 0.3

Coefficient of Expansion

Anisotropy: Select Anisotropic.

Vector of expansion coefficient

1	11×10^-6[1/deg]
2	11×10^-6[1/deg]
3	55×10^-6[1/deg]

Thermal Conductivity

0.45[W/m/deg]

Density

1.44 x 10^3 [kg/m3]

Specific Heat

950 [J/kg/deg]

EPOXY

Elasticity

Young’s modulus: 19×10^9[Pa]

Poisson’s ratio: 0.3

Coefficient of Expansion

11×10^-6[1/deg]

Thermal Conductivity

0.15[W/m/deg]

Density

1.1 x 10^3 [kg/m3]

Specific Heat

1.05 x 10^3 [J/kg/deg]

UNDER_FILL

Elasticity

Young’s modulus: 3.5×10^9[Pa]

Poisson’s ratio: 0.3

Coefficient of Expansion

90×10^-6[1/deg]

Thermal Conductivity

0.15

Density

1.1 x 10^3 [kg/m3]

Specific Heat

1.05 x 10^3 [J/kg/deg]

UF is set up as follows.

The thermal coupled analysis will be performed in the Step 3. The state of the Step 3 will be reflected from Step 3 onward.
As a heating place, HEAT_SOURCE is set on the Heat Source tab as follows.

Body Attribute Name

Tab

Setting

Analysis Domain

Birth/Death Setting:

Step 1: No
Step 2: No
Step 3: Yes

HEAT_SOURCE

Heat Source

5 x 10^-4[W]

Boundary Conditions

Select “Natural convection (automatic calculation)” on the outer boundary condition.

Boundary Condition Name/Topology

Tab

Boundary Condition Type

Setting

Outer Boundary Condition

Heat

Heat Transfer/Ambient Radiation

Natural convection (automatic calculation)

Room temperature: 25[deg]

* The correction coefficient for the natural convection is calculated automatically. See [Heat Transfer/Ambient Radiation] for more information.

Results

The temperature distribution 100s after the analysis is shown below.

Temperature rise is observed around HEAT_SOURCE.

The distribution of the von Mises equivalent stress for each step in the analysis is shown below.

The scale of the stress is minimum: 0[MPa] and maximum: 30[MPa].

Step 1: 220℃⇒25℃: 100s

Step 2: 25℃⇒120℃: 200s

Step 3: 120℃⇒25℃: 300s

Step 4: 25℃⇒Thermal conductivity 100s later: 400s